Distinguishing between invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) from other genitourinary malignancies, such as prostatic and renal carcinomas, can be difficult. Several new markers such as GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3), S100P, and uroplakin III have been developed for this differentiation (1-7). More recently uroplakin II has been introduced (1-7). GATA-3 is a transcription factor and belongs […]
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a 403 amino acid cytoplasmic enzyme encoded by the INDO gene on human chromosome 8p22. IDO1 expression can be seen mainly in dendritic cells (DCs), such as immature and mature DCs, germinal center follicular DCs, interdigitating DCs, plasmacytoid DCs and in normal lymphoid organs, including lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyer’s […]
P504S, also known as α-Methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), is a peroxisomal and mitochondrial enzyme that plays a role in bile acid synthesis and β-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids (1). AMACR was initially identified from a cDNA library as a gene that is over-expressed in human prostate cancer; with little or no expression in […]
Breast Cocktail (CK HMW/p63 + CK7/8/18) is comprised of mouse monoclonal anti-CK HMW and anti-p63 antibodies as well as rabbit monoclonal anti-CK7 and mouse monoclonal anti-CK8/18 antibodies. CK HMW (high molecular weight cytokeratin) is expressed in the cytoplasm of basal cells and myoepithelium of breast tissue (1-4). p63 is a transcription factor present in the […]
CK5 and CK14 are high molecular weight cytokeratins expressed in a variety of normal and neoplastic epithelial tissues (1). In prostate tissue, mRNA for CK5 and CK14 has been detected in the basal cells of normal glands and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), a precursor lesion to prostatic adenocarcinoma; however, expression of CK5 or CK14 was […]
FOXP3 [86D] is a mouse monoclonal antibody that is intended for laboratory use in the qualitative identification of FOXP3 protein by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human tissues. The clinical interpretation of any staining or its absence should be complemented by morphological studies using proper controls and should be evaluated within the context of […]
NKX3.1 (RM) is currently on backorder, please use the recommended replacement NKX3.1: https://biocare.net/product/nkx3-1-antibody/ NKX3.1 is a protein found in humans and is encoded by the NKX3.1 gene located on chromosome 8 (1). The homeodomain containing transcription factor NKX3A is a putative prostate tumor suppressor that is expressed in a largely prostate-specific and androgen-regulated manner. NKX3.1 […]
The Ki-67 nuclear antigen is associated with cell proliferation and found throughout the cell cycle; though not in G0 phase (1,2). The assessment of Ki-67 proliferation in breast cancers has shown the Ki-67 labelling index is an important predictor of survival (3). Cytokeratin (CK) 7 is expressed in epithelial cells of the ovary, lung and […]
MART-1 recognizes a protein of 18 kDa, identified at MART-1 (Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T cells) (1). MART-1 is a useful addition to melanoma panels as it is apparently specific for melanocytic lesions (1,2). Studies have shown that MART-1 is more sensitive than HMB45 when labeling metastatic melanomas (3). This MART-1 cocktail does not stain […]
IMP3 (insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3) is a 580 amino acid oncofetal RNA binding protein containing four K homology domains which is encoded by a 4350 bp mRNA transcript produced by the IGF2BP3 gene on chromosome 7p11.5 (1,2). Its relevance as a novel biomarker in many kinds of cancer has been recently published […]
