The Biocare Caspase-3 (Cleaved) antibody detects the large fragment (17/19 kDa) of activated caspase-3 that results from cleavage adjacent to Asp175. Caspase-3 is a cysteinyl-aspartic acid protease (caspase) that plays a key role in the execution phase of apoptosis. Activation of caspase-3 requires proteolytic processing of its inactive zymogen into active p17 and p12 subunits. […]
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA antibody) reacts with CEA and CEA-like proteins such as NCA (nonspecific cross-reacting antigen), NCA2 and biliary glycoprotein (BGP1). In all tissues, the NCA of neutrophil granulocytes are stained positive. CEA has been reported to mark adenocarcinoma of the stomach, colon, lung and pancreas; CEA is weakly or occasionally positive (less than 10%) […]
The CEA gene family belongs to the immunoglobulin gene superfamily (IgSF) and comprises a large number of genes. The cell surface associated CEA proteins are heavily glycosylated, abundantly expressed and multifunctional.15,16 The CEA (CD66e) COL-1 clone shows no detectable reactivity for other CEA family members such as NCA or BGP. COL-1 is useful in detecting […]
Calretinin is a calcium binding protein that is related to calmodulin and calbindin-D28k and is found mainly in neuronal tissue. It is present in subsets of neurons throughout the brain and spinal cord, including sensory ganglia.15-19
Calponin a 34 kDa polypeptide, is a cytoskeleton-associated actin-binding protein that also interacts tropomyosin and calmodulin. Calponin antibody has been found to be useful as a marker for myoepithelial and basal lamina in differentiating microinvasive from in situ ductal carcinomas of the breast. Calponin antibody may also have applications in malignant myoepithelium and pleomorphic adenoma […]
Studies have shown that calcitonin antibody reacts with the human protein calcitonin and labels C-cells in normal thyroid. Calcitonin antibody has been reported to be particularly useful in differentiating medullary carcinoma from papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Most medullary carcinomas are positive for calcitonin; conversely, most papillary and follicular types of thyroid cancer are usually […]
CA 125 antibody recognizes an epitope on a molecule called Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125). Studies have shown that CA 125 reacts with approximately 80% of epithelial ovarian neoplasms of serous, endometrioid, clear cell and undifferentiated types. No reactivity has been shown for mucinous ovarian tumors or in germ cell or hematopoietic tumors. CA 125 […]
The BRCA-1 antibody gene codes for a nuclear phosphoprotein that plays a role in maintaining genomic stability and acts as a tumor suppressor. Findings suggest that BRCA-1 antibody plays a protective role in epithelial cells undergoing high levels of proliferation in association with differentiation. Additional studies have shown that the complete loss of BRCA-1 nuclear […]
β-Catenin is involved in cell adhesion through catenin-cadherin complexes and in the Wnt signaling pathway. Deregulation allows β-Catenin to accumulate in the nucleus, which may be useful in aiding the differential diagnosis of selected neoplasms. β-Catenin adhesion complex impairment is also associated with a poorly differentiated phenotype and increased invasiveness of carcinomas. Cytoplasmic localization of […]
