![Tonsil stained with LMO2 [SP51] antibody.](https://biocare.net/wp-content/uploads/3262.jpg)
LMO2 is part of the LIM-only family of proteins which has four members (LMO1-4) that are implicated in a variety of cancers. LMO2 is linked to diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and prostate cancer (1). LMO2 protein is a nuclear marker, expressed in normal germinal-center (GC) B cells and in a subset of GC-derived […]
![Breast carcinoma stained with PCNA [PC10] antibody](https://biocare.net/wp-content/uploads/3255.jpg)
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is necessary for DNA synthesis and is an accessory protein for DNA polymerase alpha, which is elevated during the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. PCNA forms a ring around a portion of DNA, serving to anchor the various DNA replication and repair proteins and to regulate proliferation throughout the […]
ATRX plays a role in chromatin regulation and maintenance of telomeres. It regulates incorporation of histone H3.3 into telomeric chromatin (1). ATRX is also a major component of various essential cellular pathways such as DNA replication and repair, chromatin higher-order structure regulation, gene transcriptional regulation, etc. (2) ATRX loss was observed in grades II/III astrocytomas, […]
![Prostate cancer stained with NKX3.1 [D2Y1A] antibody](https://biocare.net/wp-content/uploads/3260.jpg)
NKX3.1 is located in chromosome 8p and encodes a homeodomain transcription factor whose expression is largely restricted to the prostate and controlled by the androgen hormone.1 Loss of function of NKX3.1 results in human prostrate carcinoma and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). NKX3.1 stains nuclei in both normal and prostate cancer providing a robust stain that […]
![Tonsil stained with TIGIT [BC41] antibody](https://biocare.net/wp-content/uploads/3254.jpg)
T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory domain (TIGIT) is a transmembrane glycoprotein receptor expressed in regulatory and memory T cells, natural killer (NK), and activated T cells (1). As a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, TIGIT has coinhibitory effects on T-cell dependent immune responses, playing an important role in transplantation tolerance and tumor immune surveillance […]
The ROS1 gene encodes ROS proto-oncogene 1, a receptor tyrosine kinase. The ROS1 protein is an enzyme with a mass of 263.9 kDa. ROS1 gene rearrangements have been implicated in multiple cancer indications including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer (1). ROS1 protein fusion expression leads to […]
GITR (Glucocorticoid-induced TNF-R-related protein, TNFRSF18, CD357) is a co-stimulatory cell surface receptor constitutively expressed at high levels on T regulatory cells (Tregs), at intermediate levels on NK cells, and at low levels on naïve and memory T cells, and macrophage and dendritic cells (DCs) (1-2). Of all immune subsets studied, activated Tregs exhibit the highest […]
p16 INK4a is a tumor suppressor protein involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. It is a specific inhibitor of cdk4/cdk6. Recent analyses of the p16INK4a gene revealed homozygous deletions, nonsense, missense, or frameshift mutations in several human cancers.15 Although the frequency of p16 INK4a abnormalities is higher in tumor-derived cell lines than […]
p16 INK4a is a tumor suppressor protein involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of malignancies. It is a specific inhibitor of cdk4/cdk6. Recent analyses of the p16INK4a gene revealed homozygous deletions, nonsense, missense, or frameshift mutations in several human cancers (1). Although the frequency of p16 INK4a abnormalities is higher in tumor-derived cell lines […]
CK5 and CK14 are high molecular weight cytokeratins expressed in a variety of normal and neoplastic epithelial tissues (1). In prostate tissue, mRNA for CK5 and CK14 has been detected in the basal cells of normal glands and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), a precursor lesion to prostatic adenocarcinoma; however, expression of CK5 or CK14 was […]
