SATB2 (special AT-rich sequence binding 2) is a 733-amino acid human DNA-binding protein involved in transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling (1,2). SATB2 protein expression in normal human tissue was found in the epithelium of the lower gastrointestinal tract (including appendix, colon, and rectum), as well as specific neurons (in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus), non–germinal […]
Breast Cocktail (CK HMW/p63 + CK7/8/18) is comprised of mouse monoclonal anti-CK HMW and anti-p63 antibodies as well as rabbit monoclonal anti-CK7 and mouse monoclonal anti-CK8/18 antibodies. CK HMW (high molecular weight cytokeratin) is expressed in the cytoplasm of basal cells and myoepithelium of breast tissue (1-4). p63 is a transcription factor present in the […]
CK5 and CK14 are high molecular weight cytokeratins expressed in a variety of normal and neoplastic epithelial tissues (1). In prostate tissue, mRNA for CK5 and CK14 has been detected in the basal cells of normal glands and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), a precursor lesion to prostatic adenocarcinoma; however, expression of CK5 or CK14 was […]
The Ki-67 nuclear antigen is associated with cell proliferation and found throughout the cell cycle; though not in G0 phase (1,2). The assessment of Ki-67 proliferation in breast cancers has shown the Ki-67 labelling index is an important predictor of survival (3). Cytokeratin (CK) 7 is expressed in epithelial cells of the ovary, lung and […]
CDX2 is a homeobox gene that encodes an intestine-specific transcription factor and is expressed in the nuclei of epithelial cells of the intestine, from duodenum to rectum. The CDX2 protein is expressed in primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas (1,2). It has also been identified in primary ovarian mucinous tumors and metastatic mucinous carcinomas involving the […]
The prostein gene encodes a 553-amino acid type IIIa plasma membrane protein with a cleavable signal peptide and 11 transmembrane-spanning regions (1). IHC analysis has demonstrated that the Prostein antibody (also known as P501S) was expressed in the normal prostate tissue and the vast majority of malignant prostatic tissues, regardless of grade and metastatic status […]
Clones EP17 and EP30 recognize cytokeratins (CK) 8 and 18, both of which are low molecular weight intermediate filament proteins (52.5 kDa and 45 kDa respectively). In normal tissues, CK8/18 recognizes all simple and glandular epithelium (1). In neoplastic tissues, CK8/18 may prove useful for the identification of most adenocarcinomas and some squamous cell carcinomas. […]
The Biocare CDX2 antibody detects CDX2, a homeobox gene–encoded, intestine-specific transcription factor.15 CDX2 is useful in establishing the gastrointestinal origin of metastatic adenocarcinomas and carcinoids and can aid in distinguishing metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma from tumors of unknown origin.15-21 Studies have shown that CDX2 to be more specific and sensitive than villin or CK20.15,19,20 CDX2 expression […]
Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is a member of the NKX2 family of homeodomain transcription factors. Studies have shown that TTF-1 is expressed in epithelial cells of the thyroid gland and lung. TTF-1 has been shown to be a sensitive (62-80%) and specific marker (89-95%) in the majority of primary lung adenocarcinomas (ADC) (1-7). When combined […]
High molecular weight cytokeratins are expressed in a variety of normal and neoplastic epithelial tissues.15 p63, a homolog of the tumor suppressor p53, has been identified in proliferating basal cells in the epithelial layers of a variety of tissues, including epidermis, cervix, urothelium and prostate.16 αMethylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), also known as P504S, is […]
